1. What are the causes of prostate hyperplasia?

There are many studies on the pathogenesis of prostate hyperplasia, but so far, its specific pathogenesis is still not very clear.

It is now recognized that there are two important factors: age and functioning testicles. These two factors are indispensable. With age, prostate hyperplasia will appear. After 45 years of age, prostate hyperplasia will appear to varying degrees. However, most patients will not have obvious clinical symptoms until after 50 years of age. Symptoms, prostate hyperplasia depends on the presence of androgens. For example, if the testicles are removed during puberty, the prostate will not proliferate. Even in old age, prostate hyperplasia will not occur.

2. What are the hazards of prostate hyperplasia?

Prostatic hyperplasia may cause inguinal hernia, prolapse of the anus, internal hemorrhoids and other conditions.

The symptoms caused by prostate hyperplasia, if not treated in time, will have a serious impact on the patient's quality of life. Its common symptoms include dysuria, frequent urination, especially at night, frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, and gross hematuria. Long-term dysuria may make the patient have to increase abdominal pressure to urinate. If things go on like this, inguinal hernia, prolapse, internal hemorrhoids, etc. will occur, and due to factors such as weather, fatigue, drinking, etc., the prostate may be congested, edema, and possibly Acute urinary retention occurs, the patient cannot urinate, and is not treated in time. Prostatic hyperplasia can also lead to urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and even hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency.

3. What examinations are needed to confirm the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The first urine flow rate check can determine the speed of the patient’s urination,

The second ultrasound examination, clarify the size of the prostate and measure the residual urine volume by the way,

Third, blood tests can be done. Prostate specific antigen, or PSA for short, is used to rule out prostate cancer.

Fourth, urodynamic examination can be done to determine the degree of lower urinary tract obstruction and the contraction force of the bladder detrusor.

Fifth, kidney function can be checked,

Sixth, you can do intravenous pyelography to understand the shape and function of the upper urinary tract.

Seventh, cystoscopy can be done to rule out urethral strictures, bladder tumors, understand the condition of the posterior urinary tract, and prepare for surgery.

4. What are the methods for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

There are several ways of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia:

The first is traditional open surgical treatment;

The second is transurethral resection of the prostate, which is known as the current gold standard of treatment;

In the past ten years, with the advancement of laser technology, many large hospitals now use laser to perform enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The operation is more minimally invasive, more thorough, and faster.

It also includes microwave, prostatic urethral stent placement, prostatic urethral balloon dilation and other minimally invasive treatments.

5. What are the symptoms of prostate hyperplasia?

Frequent urination, frequent urination is the earliest symptom of prostate hyperplasia,

2. Progressive dysuria, dysuria is the most important symptom of prostate hyperplasia. Its common manifestations include waiting for urine, interruption of urine, prolonged urination time, dribbling, and feeling of incomplete urination.

Third, it is difficult to urinate. If it progresses to a certain extent, chronic urinary retention will occur, the residual urine volume will increase, and even filling urinary incontinence will occur. Eventually, hydronephrosis and impaired renal function may occur.

4. Prostatic hyperplasia can also cause complications such as indirect inguinal hernia, prolapse, hemorrhoids, and again, prostatic hyperplasia can also cause urinary tract infections, bladder stones and other complications.

6. What are the complications of prostate hyperplasia?

In the first acute urinary retention, the patient suddenly cannot urinate. In this case, catheterization is required immediately.

Second, there will be painless hematuria, which is caused by hyperemia and rupture of the blood vessels on the surface of the prostate.

Third urinary tract infection,

Fourth bladder stones,

Fifth hydronephrosis, and even impaired renal function,

Sixth Difficulty urinating for a long time, the patient will increase abdominal pressure to urinate, which will lead to complications such as inguinal hernia, hemorrhoids, and rectal prolapse.

7. What are the misunderstandings in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The first misunderstanding is that the size of the prostate is directly proportional to the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The second misunderstanding is that benign prostatic hyperplasia must be treated.

The third misunderstanding is that all prostate hyperplasia can be treated with drugs.

The fourth misunderstanding is that benign prostatic hyperplasia can only be treated by surgery.

The fifth misunderstanding is that as people get older, they think that dysuria is a natural phenomenon when people get old, so they don’t seek treatment.

8. How is prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer different?

Firstly, from the prone site, benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs in the transition zone of the prostate, while prostate cancer mostly occurs in the peripheral zone of the prostate.

Secondly, in terms of symptoms, the common symptoms of prostate hyperplasia are dysuria, frequent urination, especially nocturnal frequent urination. In the early stage of prostate cancer, there are many non-specific symptoms. In the late stage of the disease, some patients often develop bone metastasis and bone pain. Some patients will have symptoms such as anemia, weight loss, edema of lower limbs, dysuria, etc.

Thirdly, from the physical examination, the digital rectal examination showed that the prostatic hyperplasia was straight and tough, enlarged in size, and there was no induration, while for prostate cancer, it was possible to touch the prostate with induration or the whole texture was hard.

Fourth, through blood tests, the PSA of patients with prostate cancer will be significantly increased.

9. How to treat prostate hyperplasia with stones?

Prostatic hyperplasia with stones requires surgical treatment.

Prostatic hyperplasia is prone to secondary bladder stones. Most of the upper urinary tract stones fall into the bladder and cannot be discharged normally. Secondly, stones may form in the bladder due to factors such as urinary retention and infection. Prostatic hyperplasia is caused by bladder stones in elderly men. Clinical data show that about 10% of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia will have bladder stones. Bladder stones are a common complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia. If this happens, it is a surgical indication for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Doctors Patients will be advised to undergo surgical treatment, which not only deals with bladder stones, but also surgical treatment of prostate hyperplasia.

10. Under what circumstances do patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia need to use prostatectomy?

The symptoms of patients with first prostate hyperplasia are more pronounced, which obviously affects the patient’s quality of life.

The effect of the second medication becomes worse or the patient refuses to receive medication,

The third patient has complications caused by prostate hyperplasia, such as repeated urinary retention, that is, the patient has urinary retention, and the indwelling catheter fails at least once after the catheter is removed; repeated hematuria, repeated urinary tract infections, and bladder Stones, secondary to the accumulation of water in the upper urinary tract,

Fourth prostate hyperplasia with huge diverticula of the bladder, inguinal hernia, prolapse of the anus, hemorrhoids, clinical judgment, if the obstruction of the lower urinary tract is not relieved, the above conditions cannot be treated.

11. Can prostate hyperplasia be cured?

Whether prostate hyperplasia can be cured or not depends on the specific situation.

When the symptoms of prostate hyperplasia are relatively mild, you can consider active monitoring without any treatment. If the symptoms significantly affect the patient's quality of life, medication can be given, but medication can only relieve the patient's symptoms and cannot be cured.

If the patient’s symptoms are severe and the effect of drug treatment is poor, the patient refuses to receive further drug treatment or has complications such as urinary tract infections, repeated urinary tract infections, repeated hematuria, bladder stones, etc., surgical treatment is used. After surgical treatment, Most of the patients undergoing surgical treatment will have their symptoms disappear, and the so-called cure will be achieved. There will also be a small number of patients whose remaining glands will re-proliferate after surgical treatment, and symptoms will appear again.

12. What diseases are easily confused with prostate hyperplasia?

The first disease is bladder neck sclerosis, also called bladder neck contracture. Most of the disease is caused by chronic inflammation. The age of onset is relatively young. The symptoms are similar to those of prostate hyperplasia, but the prostate is not large.

The second disease is prostate cancer, because prostate cancer is the texture of the prostate is relatively hard, and the PSA will increase, which can be identified by a prostate biopsy.

The fourth is bladder tumors, bladder tumors can also have hematuria, and symptoms of dysuria caused by bladder outlet obstruction, which can be differentiated by cystoscopy.

The fourth is neuronal bladder. Neuronal bladder symptoms are similar to prostate hyperplasia, but patients often suffer from neurological damage.

Fifth urethral stricture, most patients will have urethral damage, history of urethritis, urethral angiography or cystoscopy can be distinguished.

13. Will there be a relapse after prostatic hyperplasia?

Prostatic hyperplasia surgery has a certain recurrence rate in the long term, which is related to the choice of surgical methods and the level of surgeons.

The purpose of prostate hyperplasia surgery is to remove the hyperplastic prostate glands, not the entire prostate. Taking the commonly used transurethral resection of the prostate as an example, even the most skilled surgeon will have residual hyperplasia glands, which cannot be reached. 100% of hyperplastic glands are removed. If there are too many residual hyperplastic glands or the residual glands grow too fast, then the patient will have symptoms that have appeared before the prostatic hyperplasia, such as difficulty urinating, etc., these patients may Need to take medication again or undergo surgery again.

14. What exercises are suitable for prostate patients?

Prostate patients are suitable for jogging, walking, and square dancing.

Life lies in exercise. Prostatic hyperplasia often accelerates blood circulation during exercise. Patients with prostatic hyperplasia often take physical exercises, which can improve immunity, promote digestion, prevent obesity, and improve blood circulation in local parts of the prostate. These will help prevent and It is helpful to improve the condition of prostate hyperplasia. Cycling should be avoided as much as possible, because the bicycle seat can compress the prostate part of the posterior urethra and aggravate the condition. There are many suitable exercises, including jogging, walking and square dancing. Patients should actively take appropriate physical exercises.

15. What is the purpose of biopsy for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The purpose of biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia is to determine whether the patient has prostate cancer.

Prostatic hyperplasia needs to be differentiated from prostate cancer. In outpatient clinics, doctors often recommend ultrasound PSA screening for patients, and perform digital rectal examinations for patients in outpatient clinics. If the patient’s prostate is found to have induration during these examinations, ultrasound will find the patient’s There are abnormal nodules in the prostate, and the PSA found that the total PSA level is significantly increased. In this case, the doctor will recommend the patient to undergo a prostate biopsy. The biopsy obtains a puncture tissue strip of the patient’s prostate and sends a general pathological examination to confirm the patient. Of prostate cancer.